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Atlantic Puffin

Fratercula arctica

Length: 12.5 inches
Wingspan: 21 inches
Seasonality: Non-resident in South Dakota
ID Keys: Large multi-colored bill, fleshy protuberance above eye.  Distinctive in range, especially in breeding season.
Atlantic Puffin - Fratercula arctica

Atlantic Puffins are one of the most well-known and charismatic birds for many, yet relatively few people have the opportunity to see one in the wild in North America.  They breed on offshore rocky islands, and are typically only seen in North America by those boating offshore.  The species also breeds on the European side of the Atlantic, and birds tagged on the two continents have been found to have traveled across the Atlantic to the other continent, indicating long-term migration and some intermingling of American and European populations.   The birds are very similar in appearance to the Horned Puffin, a bird of the north Pacific.  Atlantic Puffins are the smallest of the three puffin species (the third species being the Tufted Puffin). 

Habitat

Breeds on offshore islands in North America, with suitable islands having either rocky crevices or soil amenable to burrows for nesting.  They prefer the cold waters of the Atlantic, and outside of the breeding season, may be found far out to sea.

Diet

Fish makes up a majority of the diet, with capelin, herring, and sand lance particularly preferred.  Most food fed to the young is also fish.  Adults will also consume crustaceans such as shrimp and copepods, as well as mollusks and marine worms.

Behavior

Food is acquired by swimming underwater and capturing fish and other prey with their beaks. Atlantic Puffins are capable of diving to nearly 200 feet, using their wings to "fly" through the water in search of prey.

Nesting

Atlantic Puffins either nest in burrows dug by the birds themselves, or in rocky crevices.  Nesting burrows may be 7 feet deep or more.

Interactive eBird Map

Click to access an interactive eBird map of Atlantic Puffin sightings

Song:

When in the open ocean and outside of the breeding season, Atlantic Puffins are generally silent.  On breeding colonies, a harsh groaning is often heard.

Migration:

After the breeding season, most birds disperse far out to sea.  They can be found from the edge of the pack ice in the north, and have wandered as far south as off the coast of Florida in winter.  

Similar Species:

Horned Puffin, Tufted Puffin

Conservation Status:

Populations declined drastically in the 1800s as both adult birds and eggs were taken.   Declines continue in the southern part of the North American range, as well as the southern part of the European range.  Disturbance and introduction of predators on nesting colony islands are the primary reasons for the decline.

Photo Information:

June 24th, 2010 - Iceland - Henrik Thorburn

Further Information