Double-toothed Kite (Harpagus bidentatus)

The Double-toothed Kite is so named for "tooth" like structures on the edge of each side of the upper mandible (see painting to the right). They are a species normally found in Central and South America, with the northernmost part of their normal range just reaching southern Mexico. They are not migratory and are not expected to be found in the United States. However, on May 4th, 2011, Mr. Dave Hanson took a photograph of a bird in Galveston County, Texas, a bird he initially presumed to be a Cooper's Hawk. Upon looking through his photos a month later, there was speculation it might be something else. Conferring with experts, it was found that the clear photo was of a young, 1st-year, female Double-toothed Kite. The next year, the American Birding Association (ABA) added the Double-toothed Kite to the official checklist of species that have been seen in the North American region.

Habitat

Found in tropical to sub-tropical forest lands, including primary forest and previously disturbed secondary forest. Within these habitats they are often found in and around forest edges and clearings.

Diet

Feeds heavily on insects and lizards, but may also feed on other small vertebrates if the opportunity arises. Some individuals are accomplished at catching bats in flight, and young birds may also make up a significant portion of the diet in some seasons and locations.

Behavior

Double-toothed Kites are often found in the vincinity of troops of monkeys in their native range. As the monkeys move through the forest canopy, they disturb insects, lizards, birds and other small prey, and the Double-toothed Kite takes advantage and feeds on them.

Nesting

The nest of a Double-toothed Kite is a shallow saucer-shaped structure placed in the fork of a tree. The female usually lays 2 eggs, which are incubated for approximately 6 weeks. The female incubates the eggs and also does the majority of caring for the young after they hatch, although the male will sometimes deliver food items to the next. The young fledge from the next about one month after hatching. The young remain dependent upon the parents for another month or two after fledging.

Song

Multiple vocalizations, including a high-pitched, whistled "tsee-up tsee-UP" and a rapidly paced tsee-tsee-tsee-tsee-tsee given in flight. They are often a very vocal species, particularly during the breeding season.

Migration

Considered a permanent resident throughout its range, with only short-distance movements.

Interactive eBird map

Click here to access an interactive eBird map of Double-toothed Kite sightings

Similar Species

In overall structure, they are similar to the Accipiter hawks such as Cooper's Hawks or Sharp-shinned Hawks . If seen well, however, plumage differences are obvious, particularly in flight where a white rump patch is easily seen.

Conservation Status

There have undoubtedly been declines in overall numbers in recent decades, due to deforestation and other habitat loss throughout much of its range. However, they are still found over a broad geographic area and are relatively common in parts of their range. The IUCN lists the Double-toothed Kite as a species of "Least Concern" .

Photo Information

Public domain image from Nouveau recueil de planches coloriees d'oiseaux A Strasbourgh: Chez Legras Imbert et Comp., 1838.